Walk down any drugstore aisle and you’ll find dozens of sunscreens with competing claims, confusing SPF numbers and ingredient lists that raise more questions than answers.
But choosing the right one doesn’t have to be that complicated.
We asked Taylor Abelli, MD, with Hartford HealthCare Medical Group, to cut through the noise.
“Sunscreen is one of the most common things I get asked about. People want to do it right, they just aren’t always sure what that looks like. The good news is it’s simpler than most people think,” says Dr. Abelli.
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What does SPF mean and which number do you need?
SPF stands for sun protection factor. The number tells you how well a sunscreen shields your skin from UVB rays, the rays responsible for sunburn and skin cancer.
“SPF 30 is the minimum generally recommended for daily use. The number on the bottle tells you how much protection you’re getting, not how long it lasts. No matter how high the SPF, you still need to reapply every two hours,” Dr. Abelli explains.
> Related: 5 Risk Factors for Skin Cancer You Should Know
How to choose sunscreen for your skin type
The best sunscreen is the one that works for your skin and that you’ll actually reach for every day.
“Different skin types have different needs and finding the right formula is what makes it easier to stick with sun protection every day,” adds Dr. Abelli.
For oily or acne-prone skin, look for lightweight non-comedogenic formulas. Dry skin does better with cream-based options that double as a moisturizer. Sensitive skin tends to tolerate mineral sunscreens better. For darker skin tones, tinted mineral sunscreens blend more naturally and provide added protection against visible light.
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How much sunscreen do you need and how often should you reapply?
Getting the amount right matters just as much as which sunscreen you choose.
“Most people use about half the sunscreen they actually need, which means they’re not getting the protection they think they are. When in doubt, apply more than you think you need and set a reminder to reapply,” notes Dr. Abelli.
Use about one ounce to cover your whole body, roughly a shot glass full. For your face, a nickel-sized amount. Reapply every two hours outdoors.
“After swimming or sweating reapply every 40 to 80 minutes, depending on your product’s water-resistance rating. And after toweling off, reapply right away since friction removes that protective layer,” adds Dr. Abelli.
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What does broad spectrum protection mean?
One of the most important terms on any sunscreen label is broad spectrum.
“Broad spectrum protection is non-negotiable. SPF alone tells you how protected you are from sunburn, but it says nothing about the damage happening beneath the surface,” says Dr. Abelli.
Broad spectrum sunscreen protects against both UVA and UVB rays, both of which contribute to skin cancer risk.
> Related: Should I Wear Sunscreen in the Winter?
What’s the difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen?
Both work. The difference is how.
“Mineral sunscreens are a great option for sensitive skin but the formula matters less than the habit. Consistent daily use is what actually reduces your risk,” Dr. Abelli says.
Mineral sunscreens sit on top of the skin and physically block UV rays. Chemical sunscreens absorb into the skin and convert UV rays into heat. Mineral is typically recommended for sensitive skin and kids. Chemical sunscreen tends to be lighter and easier to blend.
> Related: Where to Check for Skin Cancer, Based on Your Gender
When to see a dermatologist
Sunscreen is one of the best tools you have. But it’s not a substitute for professional skin care.
“Sunscreen does a lot but it works best alongside regular skin checks. Catching something early makes all the difference and that’s exactly what those annual visits are for,” Dr. Abelli explains.
If you notice any new or changing spots, moles with irregular borders or any area that bleeds, itches or won’t heal, see a dermatologist.
