You can’t feel your bones getting weaker. But a simple scan can reveal changes long before you notice symptoms.
“Bone mineral density scans are one of the best tools we have to detect osteoporosis early and keep people strong, safe and independent,” says Joan Doback, PA-C, Bone Health Coordinator at the Connecticut Orthopaedic Institute at St. Vincent’s Medical Center.
Here’s what to know before you schedule one.
1. Bone mineral density scans are quick and painless
A bone mineral density scan, or DXA, uses a very small amount of X-ray energy to measure the strength of your bones. The scan is simple, quiet and takes just a few minutes from start to finish.
“You lie on a table while a scanner moves over you twice,” says Doback. “No needles, no prep – and you stay fully clothed.”
Most people say it feels more like getting a photo taken than having a medical test.
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2. Age matters
Your age plays a big role in when you should start bone density screening.
For most women, the right time is around 60. For men, it’s typically around 70, since they tend to lose bone more slowly.
“But if you have risk factors – like a family history of fractures or certain medications – your provider may recommend a scan earlier,” Doback says.
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3. Think of it like a normal appointment
Many people think of bone scans as something extra or optional. But they’re really part of standard preventive care.
“Getting a DXA is part of routine health maintenance,” says Doback. “It’s no different than a mammogram or monitoring your blood pressure.”
4. You’ll get a T-score
After your scan, you’ll receive a T-score, which compares your bone density to that of a healthy young adult.
It’s a simple way to understand where your bones stand today and what your risk might look like down the road.
Here’s how to read your results:
- Normal: Above -1.
- Osteopenia (low bone mass): -1 to -2.5.
- Osteoporosis: -2.5 or lower.
5. Risk factors go beyond age
Age is a big part of the story, but other lifestyle and health factors can weaken bones too.
“Smoking, alcohol, steroid use and conditions like rheumatoid arthritis all increase your risk for osteoporosis,” Doback explains.
A family history of fractures – especially hip fractures – also plays a part in risk.
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Sign up for newsletters6. Every two years is the sweet spot
For most people, a bone mineral density scan every two years is enough to track changes accurately. Bones don’t change overnight, so spacing out your scans gives a clearer picture of how they’re trending.
“But depending on your needs and risk factors, your provider may recommend more frequent monitoring,” says Doback.
7. Not all results are reliable
Sometimes the numbers can be misleading.
Conditions like arthritis, scoliosis or even prior spinal surgery can interfere with the accuracy of a DXA scan.
“That’s why your provider should always review the actual images – not just the report,” says Doback.
8. Your results shape your treatment
If your bone density scan shows osteopenia with a high fracture risk or osteoporosis, it’s not a dead end – it’s a starting point.
“There are several safe, effective medications available,” says Doback. “We tailor treatment to your unique needs.”
Your plan might include lifestyle changes, supplements or prescription options designed to strengthen bone, reduce fracture risk and keep you moving comfortably for years to come.
> Related: 6 Osteoporosis Risk Factors You Should Know
9. You have more control than you think
Medications help, but your daily habits matter just as much when it comes to protecting bone.
Here’s some simple steps that Doback recommends:
- Weight-bearing, resistance and balance exercises.
- 1,000–1,200 mg of calcium daily (from food first).
- Vitamin D3 supplements (typically 1,000 IU daily).
- No smoking.
- Limit alcohol.
- Fall-proof your home.
> Related: Can You Take Vitamin D3 as a Sleep Aid?
10. Osteoporosis is common – and serious
Osteoporosis affects over 10 million Americans, with another 43 million at risk. Many of them don’t know it.
“It’s called a silent disease because you don’t feel it – until you break a bone,” says Doback. “But with early detection and support, we can better protect your bones for the long run.”
