Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming — you may cycle through feelings of disbelief, anger, anxiety or even numbness. And all those emotions can make it hard to ask the right questions and get the right information.
“We understand that patients may struggle to process this initial conversation with their doctor, let alone know what to ask at that next visit,” says Andrew Salner, MD, the medical director at Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute at Hartford Hospital.
With Dr. Salner’s guidance, here is what you need to know — and which questions to ask — when you’re diagnosed with cancer.
Before your appointment, invite someone for support.
Your doctor’s visit helps you learn as much as possible about your diagnosis, including pathology, staging, prognosis and treatment options.
However, absorbing all that information can be challenging alone – even if you bring a notebook or recorder.
“Patients should always have someone with them for these important discussions, preferably a family member, caregiver or close friend,” says Dr. Salner. “They can take notes, listen carefully and advocate throughout the process.”
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1. What type of cancer do I have?
This question is crucial, and the answer involves several key details.
Dr. Salner suggests breaking it down with these specific questions:
- Can you write down the exact type of cancer I have, including its location and stage?
- Can you give me a copy of my pathology report and explain it to me in detail?
- How common is this type of cancer?
- What other tests are needed to determine if the cancer has extended or spread?
- Will I need genetic testing to determine if there is an increased risk in my family?
“Patients and their families should feel reassured that all information about their diagnosis is communicated thoroughly and transparently,” says Dr. Salner. “Don’t hesitate to ask for clarification or further explanation if something is unclear.”
> Related: Should I Get a Second Opinion on My Cancer Diagnosis?
2. What is my prognosis?
Understanding your prognosis gives insight into your chances of recovery and long-term survival.
Ask whether the goal of treatment is to cure the cancer or to prolong life without a cure. If you’re thinking about getting a second opinion, don’t hesitate to bring it up.
“Oncology professionals are not threatened or offended by this,” says Dr. Salner. “They are used to discussing second opinions and happy to help arrange this with the right expert.”
3. What are my treatment options?
Once you have a clearer understanding of your cancer, it’s time to explore the next steps.
“It’s not just about knowing the standard treatment for your diagnosis,” says Dr. Salner. “You should also ask if adjustments are needed based on factors like pathology, medical and family history or medications.”
This care recommendation may include appropriate clinical trials.
“Once you’ve chosen a treatment, ask about its frequency, duration, side effects and how to prepare,” adds Dr. Salner. “It’s also important to understand how the treatment will affect your daily life, including work, fertility, activity levels or other personal concerns.”
> Related: 10 Questions to Ask When Your Cancer Treatment Ends
4. Which specialists will be on my treatment team?
Clarify who will be involved in your care and whether there will be support staff to help coordinate it.
“Your medical team is here to help you get through the treatment journey,” says Dr. Salner. “Patients have a great partnership with their oncology team when they are knowledgeable about the diagnosis and treatment plan. An informed and empowered patient has less stress and more hope!”
5. How do I navigate the cost of treatment?
Financial concerns are an essential aspect to address early in your cancer journey.
Dr. Salner suggests asking the following questions:
- What is the cost of treatment and associated tests, and will insurance cover it?
- Is there a financial counselor who can guide me through this process?
- Who will advocate for me during this time?
- Am I eligible for financial assistance from the hospital, pharmaceutical companies or other sources?
- Can a social worker assist with daily living expenses, especially if my work is interrupted?
6. What questions should I be asking that I haven’t asked yet?
“No question is off-limits when discussing a new cancer diagnosis and treatment,” says Dr. Salner. “Patients shouldn’t worry about offending their doctor by asking any questions — even asking for more questions to consider.”
If you still have unanswered concerns, don’t hesitate to request another appointment or call.
“We’re always open to follow-up discussions to further clarify the diagnosis and treatment plan,” adds Dr. Salner. “It can take time for patients and their families to process everything and develop new questions. Sometimes, patients may also misinterpret something worse than it is, and we can walk through that in future conversations.”
