When it comes to your health, it’s natural to want as much information as possible — especially with something as serious as prostate cancer.
And thanks to the latest advancements in technology, genetic testing is now possible for assessing your prostate cancer risk.
But is it worth it?
We asked Joseph Wagner, MD, chief of urology and director of robotic surgery at Hartford Hospital, to dive into genetic testing for prostate cancer and whether you should look into it.
What is genetic testing?
Genetic testing analyzes your DNA to identify mutations that could increase your risk of certain diseases. There are two main types of genetic testing relevant to prostate cancer:
- Germline Genetic Testing: This test examines the DNA you inherit from your parents. “If a patient has a germline mutation, every cell in their body contains that mutation,” says Dr. Wagner. Samples for this type of test are typically obtained from a blood sample, saliva or cheek swab.
- Somatic Genetic Testing: This test focuses on DNA and RNA changes within body cells, such as tumor cells, and is often used for diagnosing or guiding treatment for existing cancers.
> Related: Should I Consider Genetic Testing for Cancer?
Who should consider genetic testing for prostate cancer?
Genetic testing for prostate cancer can be especially helpful if you have a family history of:
- Breast cancer (if diagnosed before age 50)
- Triple-negative breast cancer
- Male breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry
“Most men with a family history of prostate cancer should be screened yearly,” says Dr. Wagner. “This can be done by your primary care physician or urologist.”
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What should I do if my results are positive?
If your genetic test indicates a high risk for prostate cancer, you should meet with a urologist, who will help determine the appropriate screening and monitoring.
“This usually starts with a blood test called PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and a digital rectal exam,” explains Dr. Wagner. “In addition, you should meet with a genetic counselor to discuss the risks of other cancers as well as the risk to your biologic relatives.”
Understanding your genetic risk can significantly impact your lifetime cancer management and inform your family members about their potential risks. Early knowledge and prevention are key to the best possible outcomes in cancer care.
